As governor of Adramyttium, Croesus had to provide his father with Ionian Greek mercenaries for a military campaign in Caria.
Under his father's reign, Croesus had been a governor of Adramyttium, which Alyattes had rebuilt as a centre of operations for military actions against the Cimmerians, a nomadic people from the Pontic steppe who had invaded Western Asia, and attacked Lydia over the course of several invasions during which they killed Alyattes's great-grandfather Gyges, and possibly his grandfather Ardys and his father Sadyattes. Croesus had at least one full sister, Aryenis, as well as a step-brother named Pantaleon, born from a Ionian Greek wife of Alyattes. Life and reign Ĭroesus was born in 620 BCE to the king Alyattes of Lydia and one of his queens, a Carian noblewoman whose name is still unknown. Kearns, Croesus's real personal name would have been Karoś, while Krowiśaś would have been a honorific name meaning "The noble Karoś". Krowiśaś is a compound term consisting of the proper name 𐤨𐤠𐤭𐤬𐤮 Karoś, of a glide 𐤥 ( -w-) and of the Lydian term 𐤦𐤮𐤠𐤮 iśaś, meaning "master, lord, noble". The name Croesus comes from the Latin transliteration of the Greek Κροῖσος Kroîsos, which was itself the ancient Hellenic adaptation of the Lydian name 𐤨𐤭𐤬𐤥𐤦𐤮𐤠𐤮 Krowiśaś.
Euler published a research of Lydian coins apparently minted during his rule, where the name of the ruler was rendered as Qλdãns. The name of Croesus was not attested in contemporary inscriptions in the Lydian language. 2.2 Other domains of the Lydian Empire under Croesus.
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